With reference to ocean current dynamics, consider the following assertions: Assertion (A): Western boundary currents of oceanic gyres are generally narrower, deeper, and faster than eastern boundary currents. Reason (R): The western intensification of ocean currents is caused by the variation of the Coriolis parameter with latitude, known as the beta effect. Which of the following is correct?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Western boundary currents like the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Current exhibit greater speed, depth, and narrowness compared to broad, sluggish eastern boundary currents like the California Current. This phenomenon, termed western intensification, is driven fundamentally by the latitudinal gradient of the Coriolis force, which forces the return flow of oceanic gyres to pack tightly against western continental margins. Sverdrup balance and wind stress curl further regulate this asymmetry in global ocean circulation.