Assess the structural dynamics of plate tectonics and seismic wave propagation: Statement I: S-waves are transverse body waves that can travel through both solid and liquid layers of the Earth's interior with equal propagation velocity. Statement II: The shadow zone for P-waves occurs between 103 and 142 degrees from an earthquake epicenter due to refraction at the outer core boundary. Which of the following is correct?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Statement I is incorrect because S-waves are transverse shear waves that cannot propagate through liquids, which is why they are completely blocked by the molten outer core. Statement II is correct since P-wave refraction through the core creates a distinct shadow zone where direct compressional waves are not received. Seismology provides the primary empirical evidence for mapping the internal stratification of the Earth.