In the event of a deadlock between the two Houses of Parliament over a bill affecting national schemes implemented across states like Chhattisgarh, who is constitutionally empowered to summon a joint sitting under Article 108?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Article 108 empowers the President of India to summon a joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament to resolve legislative deadlocks over ordinary bills. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over such joint sittings, not the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Joint sittings are a special legislative mechanism used when ordinary legislation stalls between houses.