Which human endocrine gland secretes the hormone insulin, which plays a vital role in regulating blood glucose levels?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The pancreas contains specialized clusters of cells called the islets of Langerhans, where beta cells secrete insulin to lower blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake of sugar. The thyroid gland regulates metabolic rate via thyroxine, adrenal glands secrete cortisol and adrenaline for stress responses, and the pituitary gland acts as the master endocrine gland. Insulin deficiency or cellular resistance to insulin results in diabetes mellitus.