History • Medieval IndiaHard
Consider the following statements regarding the Bhakti movement and its prominent proponents in South India: 1. Ramanuja propounded the philosophy of Vishishtadvaita and advocated devotion to Lord Vishnu as the path to salvation. 2. Basaveshwara initiated the Virashaiva movement in Karnataka, rejecting caste hierarchies and Vedic rituals. 3. Madhvacharya advocated Advaita Vedanta, emphasizing that the human soul and the supreme creator are fundamentally identical. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only✓ Correct Answer
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
💡 Solution & Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are correct as Ramanuja championed Vishishtadvaita within Sri Vaishnavism and Basaveshwara founded the Lingayat movement challenging orthodox caste norms. Statement 3 is incorrect because Madhvacharya propounded Dvaita (Dualism), maintaining a strict philosophical distinction between the individual soul (Jiva) and God (Brahman), whereas Advaita Vedanta of Shankaracharya asserted absolute non-dualism.
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