Which of the following Sultanate rulers is credited with establishing the 'Diwan-i-Mustakhraj', a department specifically created to investigate revenue arrears and recover dues from corrupt officials?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Alauddin Khalji instituted the Diwan-i-Mustakhraj department to investigate revenue arrears, audit financial accounts, and recover misappropriated dues from corrupt revenue officials and local landlords. This administrative measure was part of his aggressive market control and centralized revenue policies. Other rulers like Iltutmish or Muhammad bin Tughlaq established separate administrative departments for different governance functions.