Indian Polity • JudiciaryMedium
Which landmark Supreme Court judgment formally established the 'Collegium System' for the appointment and transfer of judges in the higher judiciary?
A. S.P. Gupta v. Union of India (1981)
B. Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India (1993)✓ Correct Answer
C. In re Presidential Reference (1998)
D. National Judicial Appointments Commission Case (2015)
💡 Solution & Explanation
The Second Judges Case of 1993 established the collegium system, asserting that the Chief Justice of India must consult a collegium of senior judges, thereby limiting executive discretion in judicial appointments. The 1981 S.P. Gupta case granted executive primacy, while the 1998 presidential reference expanded the collegium to a body of five. Aspirants preparing for judicial service exams should also review Article 124 of the Constitution.
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