Evaluate the provisions relating to Fundamental Duties enshrined under Article 51A: 1. They were incorporated upon the specific recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. 2. They are enforceable through writs issued by High Courts under Article 226 in case of breach by citizens. 3. Originally ten in number, the total count of Fundamental Duties was raised to eleven by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act. Which of the statements given above are correct?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Statements 1 and 3 are correct because the Swaran Singh Committee recommended their addition via the 42nd Amendment, and the 86th Amendment added the eleventh duty regarding education for children aged six to fourteen. Statement 2 is incorrect because Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable in character and cannot be enforced directly through courts, although Parliament can provide penalties for their violation through specific statutory enactments. They apply exclusively to citizens of India.