Analyze the structural and administrative features of the Mature Harappan urban centers: 1. Most houses were constructed using kiln-burnt bricks and featured private wells and sophisticated drainage networks connected to street drains. 2. The citadel area in cities like Harappa and Mohenjodaro was invariably located on the eastern side of the settlement. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because Harappan cities exhibited advanced urban planning with standardized burnt bricks, covered street drains, and domestic sanitation facilities. Statement 2 is incorrect because the citadel was typically built on the western side of the settlement, elevated on mud-brick platforms to protect against floods and administrative oversight. Archaeological excavations across major Indus sites confirm uniform adherence to this town planning template.