Evaluate the role and contributions of Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army (INA): 1. Subhas Chandra Bose escaped from house arrest in India in 1941, traveled through Afghanistan and Soviet Union to Germany, and later reached Southeast Asia. 2. He assumed leadership of the INA in Singapore in 1943 and established the Provisional Government of Free India (Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind). 3. The INA troops captured Delhi and successfully established a permanent independent administration on mainland Indian territory in 1944.

💡 Solution & Explanation

Statements one and two are correct. Bose made his dramatic escape from India in 1941, reached Germany, and subsequently took command of the INA in Singapore while forming the Azad Hind government. Statement three is patently incorrect because although INA forces advanced up to Moirang in Manipur and hoisted the national flag, they did not capture Delhi or establish a permanent mainland administration due to supply line failures and the reversal of Japanese fortunes in the war. The subsequent INA trials at Red Fort in 1945 galvanized nationwide patriotic fervor.