History • Modern IndiaMedium

Analyze the circumstances and decisions surrounding the Surat Session of the Indian National Congress in 1907: 1. The session witnessed an open ideological split between the Moderates (Naram Dal) led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and the radical nationalists (Garam Dal) led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. 2. The primary point of contention involved the presidential candidate and resolutions concerning the Boycott and Swadeshi movement extending beyond Bengal. 3. Following the fracture, the radical faction assumed control of the Congress party machinery and retained it uninterruptedly until the Lucknow Pact of 1916. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only✓ Correct Answer

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

💡 Solution & Explanation

Following the Surat split in 1907, the Moderates retained control of the Indian National Congress organization, while the radical nationalists were expelled and remained outside the fold until their reunion at the Lucknow session in 1916. The ideological rift centered on whether the Swadeshi and boycott agitation should be restricted to Bengal or expanded nationwide, as well as disagreement over Rash Behari Ghosh occupying the presidential chair. This split temporarily weakened the organized nationalist movement before its revival during the Home Rule League agitation.

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