History • Modern IndiaHard
Consider the following statements regarding the anti-Hindi agitations in the Madras Presidency during the late 1930s: 1. The agitation was sparked by the introduction of compulsory Hindi teaching in secondary schools by the Congress ministry headed by C. Rajagopalachari in 1938. 2. Prominent Tamil scholars, Tamil associations, and leaders of the Justice Party and Self-Respect Movement united in organizing massive protests, conferences, and picketing against compulsory Hindi imposition. 3. The colonial Governor-General intervened to uphold the C. Rajagopalachari ministry's compulsory Hindi policy despite widespread public resistance across the province.
A. 1 and 2 only✓ Correct Answer
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
💡 Solution & Explanation
Statements one and two are correct because the 1938 imposition of compulsory Hindi by the Rajagopalachari ministry provoked vehement opposition from Tamil scholars, Self-Respect activists, and anti-imperialist leaders defending linguistic heritage. Statement three is incorrect because the policy was eventually withdrawn in 1940 by the British Governor of Madras after the resignation of the Congress ministry during the outbreak of the Second World War. This episode marked a watershed moment in the assertion of Tamil linguistic identity and regional autonomy.
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