Which of the following ports in ancient Kerala is specifically identified in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as the leading center of maritime commerce where large quantities of pepper and malabathrum were exported?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Muziris is highlighted in the classical Greek navigational account Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as the premier emporium of the Malabar coast, packed with Roman merchant vessels trading gold for black pepper. Incorrect options like Tyndis and Nelcynda served as secondary maritime outlets or riverine collection points for spices rather than the primary international trading hub. Archaeological excavations at Pattanam have conclusively established this coastal settlement as the historical location of ancient Muziris.