History • Medieval IndiaMedium
Consider the following statements regarding the Bhakti and Sufi movements in medieval India: 1. Ramanuja propounded the philosophy of Vishishtadvaita, advocating qualified non-dualism and devotion to Vishnu. 2. Basaveshwara founded the Lingayat or Virashaiva movement in Karnataka, rejecting Vedic authority and caste hierarchy. 3. Shaikh Nizam-ud-din Auliya was a prominent Sufi saint of the Suhrawardi order based in Multan. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only✓ Correct Answer
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
💡 Solution & Explanation
Statements one and two are correct. Ramanuja championed Vishishtadvaita, and Basaveshwara spearheaded the Virashaiva reform movement in Karnataka challenging caste rigidities. Statement three is incorrect because Shaikh Nizam-ud-din Auliya belonged to the Chishti silsila, not the Suhrawardi order. The Suhrawardi order in India was primarily led by saints like Shaikh Baha-ud-din Zakariya in Multan. Chishti saints were known for their pacifism and avoidance of state patronage.
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