Who among the following Delhi Sultanate rulers is credited with establishing the separate military department known as 'Diwan-i-Arz'?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Sultan Ghiyas-ud-din Balban established the separate military department known as Diwan-i-Arz to organize a strong standing royal army to safeguard the sultanate from internal rebellions and Mongol incursions. Other rulers like Alauddin Khalji later reformed military administration but did not create this specific department. Balban also propounded the Persian theory of kingship, styling himself as the Shadow of God.