The concept of 'Procedure Established by Law' in the Indian Constitution is originally derived from the constitution of which nation?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The legal expression 'Procedure Established by Law', found in Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, was directly borrowed from the constitution of Japan. In contrast, the American judicial system applies the broader doctrine of 'Due Process of Law' for protecting personal liberty. The Indian Supreme Court through judicial activism has gradually interpreted procedure established by law to incorporate elements of due process.