Which of the following amendments introduced the concept of anti-defection provisions into the Indian Constitution by adding the Tenth Schedule?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1985 added the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution, establishing the framework for disqualifying members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground of defection. The 42nd Amendment is known for widespread changes during the emergency, while the 44th Amendment repealed several emergency provisions. The 61st Amendment reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years. The anti-defection law was later amended by the 91st Amendment in 2003 to abolish the provision for split parties.