History • Modern IndiaHard
Examine the following statements concerning the anti-Hindi agitations and linguistic politics in twentieth-century Madras Presidency: 1. The introduction of compulsory Hindi teaching in secondary schools by the C. Rajagopalachari Congress ministry in 1938 triggered massive statewide protests led by the Self-Respect Movement and Justice Party. 2. Leaders such as E.V. Ramasamy and Maraimalai Adigal argued that compulsory Hindi imposition threatened the cultural autonomy and classical heritage of the Tamil language. 3. The Congress ministry successfully enforced compulsory Hindi across all schools despite widespread public resistance and protests. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only✓ Correct Answer
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
💡 Solution & Explanation
The 1938 anti-Hindi agitation marked a watershed moment in Tamil Nadu's political history, uniting non-Brahmin organizations against the Rajaji ministry's policy. Scholars like Maraimalai Adigal spearheaded the Pure Tamil Movement emphasizing linguistic pride. Statement three is incorrect because intense public opposition ultimately compelled the British Governor to withdraw compulsory Hindi instruction in 1939.
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