Consider the following statements regarding the religious philosophies of Buddhism and Jainism: 1. Both traditions rejected the divine authority of the Vedas and the efficacy of ritual sacrifices. 2. Jainism advocated strict asceticism and the concept of soul in all living objects, whereas Buddhism propounded the Middle Path avoiding extreme penance. Which of the statements given above are correct?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Both Buddhism and Jainism emerged as heterodox movements in the sixth century BCE, challenging orthodox Vedic traditions, caste rigidity, and ritual sacrifices. While Buddhism emphasized the Middle Path between extreme self-mortification and self-indulgence, Jainism placed heavy emphasis on rigorous asceticism and panpsychism, the belief that even non-living elements possess a soul or life force. The Pali Canon and Agamas serve as primary textual sources for these respective traditions.