Which of the following Bahmani rulers is celebrated for founding the remarkable astronomical observatory at Daulatabad and promoting scientific learning across his kingdom?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Taj-ud-din Firuz Shah, the ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate, was a scholar well-versed in several sciences and languages who constructed an astronomical observatory near Daulatabad to encourage scientific studies. Ala-ud-din Hasan was the founder of the independent Bahmani kingdom in 1347. Ahmad Shah Wali shifted the capital from Gulbarga to Bidar and patronized Sufi saints. Muhammad Shah III ruled during the prime ministerial tenure of Mahmud Gawan, who instituted sweeping administrative and military reforms. The Bahmani kingdom frequently clashed with the Vijayanagara Empire over the Raichur doab.