History • Ancient IndiaHard

Consider the following statements regarding the doctrinal differences and historical evolution of Buddhism and Jainism: 1. Buddhism advocates the Middle Path, avoiding both extreme self-indulgence and severe asceticism, whereas early Jainism under Mahavira emphasized rigorous penance and extreme bodily mortification. 2. Both Buddhism and Jainism unequivocally accepted the divine authority of the Vedas and the ultimate validity of the Vedic sacrificial system. 3. The Jain concept of Syadvada or Anekantavada posits that truth and reality are complex and perceived from multiple viewpoints, contrasting with the Buddhist dependent origination principle.

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 1 and 3 only✓ Correct Answer

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

💡 Solution & Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because Gautama Buddha preached the Madhyamanga or Middle Path, while Mahavira and Jain monks practiced rigorous asceticism to shed karma. Statement 2 is incorrect because both religions were heterodox traditions that completely rejected the authority of the Vedas and the ritualistic supremacy of the Brahmanas. Statement 3 is correct because Anekantavada and Syadvada are foundational epistemological doctrines of Jainism, asserting the multifaceted nature of reality. The First Buddhist Council was held at Rajagriha under the patronage of King Ajatashatru.

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