Which of the following Bahmani rulers was renowned as an accomplished mathematician, astronomer, and poet who established an observatory near Daulatabad and invited scholars from across the Islamic world?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Taj-ud-din Firuz Shah was an intellectual monarch of the Bahmani Sultanate who possessed profound knowledge of natural sciences, astronomy, and theology, and constructed an astronomical observatory near Daulatabad. Mahmud Gawan was an exceptionally capable prime minister and military strategist who expanded Bahmani maritime trade but was not the sovereign ruler who built the observatory. Ala-ud-din Hasan founded the independent Bahmani kingdom in 1347 CE. The Bahmani capital was initially located at Gulbarga before shifting to Bidar.