Which of the following Delhi Sultanate rulers instituted the rigorous military reform of maintaining a descriptive roll of soldiers known as 'Chehra' and branding horses with a hot iron stamp known as 'Dagh' to prevent substitution?

💡 Solution & Explanation

Alauddin Khalji introduced the Dagh and Chehra systems to eliminate corruption in military recruitment and ensure that nobles did not substitute inferior horses or absentee soldiers during reviews. Iltutmish organized the Iqta system and established the trusted corps of forty noblemen known as Turkan-i-Chihalgani. Balban enforced strict court etiquette based on Sijda and Paibos to elevate the prestige of the crown. Firoz Shah Tughlaq focused on public welfare works, canal construction, and employment bureaus.