Which of the following invasions severely weakened the Kangra hill state and brought an end to the supremacy of Raja Sansar Chand, forcing him to seek military assistance from the Sikh ruler Ranjit Singh?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The Gorkha armies under Amar Singh Thapa expanded westward from Nepal across the Sutlej river, laying siege to Kangra and devastating the surrounding hill principalities for years until Raja Sansar Chand appealed to Maharaja Ranjit Singh for help in 1809 CE. This resulted in the Treaty of Jwalamukhi, whereby Sansar Chand surrendered the Kangra Fort to Lahore in exchange for driving out the Gorkhas. This marked the decline of independent Rajput paramountcy in the hills and paved the way for Sikh dominance.