History • Modern IndiaHard
Analyze the administrative and land revenue history of the Madras Presidency under British colonial rule: 1. Thomas Munro introduced the Ryotwari settlement system in the Madras Presidency, establishing direct fiscal relationships with individual cultivators rather than relying on zamindari intermediaries. 2. Under the Ryotwari system, land revenue assessments were fixed permanently in perpetuity without any periodic revisions, mirroring Lord Cornwallis's Permanent Settlement in Bengal. 3. The Ryotwari system often subjected impoverished cultivators to heavy tax burdens and coercive extraction during years of drought or agricultural failure. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only✓ Correct Answer
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
💡 Solution & Explanation
Statements one and three are correct because Thomas Munro championed the Ryotwari system in Madras to settle revenue directly with ryots, and the system faced severe criticism for high tax rates and rigidity during monsoon failures. Statement two is incorrect because unlike the Permanent Settlement of Bengal, Ryotwari assessments were not fixed permanently and were subject to periodic reassessments every twenty to thirty years by colonial revenue officials.
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