History • Medieval IndiaHard
Examine the agrarian and fiscal organization of the medieval Chola Empire: 1. The central revenue department known as 'Puravuvari-Tinaikkalam' maintained comprehensive land surveys and maintained registries of tax-paying and tax-exempt land holdings. 2. The primary land tax called 'Kadamai' was collected in grain or cash depending on agricultural yield and local village customs. 3. The Chola state prohibited village assemblies from levying any local cesses, retaining absolute monopoly over all forms of taxation including tolls and professional levies. Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only✓ Correct Answer
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
💡 Solution & Explanation
Statements one and two are correct as epigraphical records confirm the existence of the Puravuvari-Tinaikkalam revenue department and Kadamai as the standard land tax. Statement three is incorrect because village assemblies and temple authorities possessed statutory powers to levy local cesses and professional taxes to fund public works, temple festivals, and tank maintenance. Fiscal decentralization enabled efficient management of rural infrastructure.
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