History • Medieval IndiaHard
Analyze the fiscal and agrarian reforms instituted during the Mughal Empire: 1. Todar Mal's zabti system involved meticulous land measurement, classification of soil fertility, and commutation of state demand into cash based on average local prices. 2. The batai or ghaula-bakhshi system required the state to collect a fixed cash revenue per bigha regardless of annual crop fluctuations. 3. Polaj was classified as land that was left fallow for a year or two to recover its natural fertility before fresh sowing.
A. 1 only✓ Correct Answer
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
💡 Solution & Explanation
Statement 1 is correct because the zabti system relied on precise measurement, soil grading, and cash assessment based on past ten-year yield averages. Statement 2 is incorrect because batai involved crop-sharing where the actual harvest was divided between the peasant and the state, not a fixed cash levy. Statement 3 is incorrect because polaj was prime land cultivated continuously every year, whereas land left fallow to regain fertility was termed parauti.
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