History • Modern IndiaHard
Consider the following statements regarding the anti-Hindi agitations in the Madras Presidency during the late 1930s: 1. The agitation erupted in response to the introduction of compulsory Hindi teaching in secondary schools by the Congress ministry headed by C. Rajagopalachari in 1938. 2. Tamil scholars, the Justice Party, and the Self-Respect Movement united under leaders like E.V. Ramasamy to organize massive public protests, picketing, and conferences against Hindi imposition. 3. The colonial Governor-General intervened immediately to dismiss the C. Rajagopalachari ministry and permanently repeal the compulsory Hindi policy across the province.
A. 1 and 2 only✓ Correct Answer
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
💡 Solution & Explanation
The anti-Hindi agitations of 1937-1939 marked a watershed moment in Tamil cultural nationalism, sparked by Rajaji's ministry making Hindi compulsory in schools. Diverse socio-political groups united in fierce resistance, leading to widespread arrests and public mobilization. However, statement three is false because the Governor-General did not dismiss the ministry over this issue; the Congress ministry resigned voluntarily in 1939 over Britain's involvement in World War II, and the compulsory Hindi order was subsequently withdrawn by the British Governor during the wartime gubernatorial administration.
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