History • Modern IndiaHard
Examine the socio-religious reform movements and humanitarian institutions established in nineteenth-century Tamil Nadu: 1. Ramalinga Swamigal (Vallalar) founded the 'Samarasa Suddha Sanmarga Satya Sangam' and established the 'Sathya Dharma Salai' at Vadalur to provide free meals to the poor without caste discrimination. 2. Vaikunda Swamigal founded the 'Samathwa Samajam' in South Travancore-Tamil Nadu border regions to champion social equality and dignity for marginalized communities. 3. Iyothee Thass Pandithar established the 'Sakya Buddha Jam Samaj' and launched the journal 'Tamizhan' to promote Buddhist philosophy and Dalit emancipation.
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3✓ Correct Answer
💡 Solution & Explanation
Nineteenth-century social reform in Tamil Nadu witnessed profound humanitarian and spiritual awakenings. Vallalar preached universal brotherhood and compassion through Samarasa Suddha Sanmarga, operating the eternal free feeding house at Vadalur. Vaikunda Swamigal challenged caste hierarchies and untouchability through his path of Ayya Vazhi and Samathwa Samajam. Iyothee Thass Pandithar spearheaded the Buddhist revival movement among Dalits and edited the journal Tamizhan to foster self-respect and literacy.
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