The Ninth Schedule was added to the Constitution of India by which of the following Constitutional Amendment Acts?

💡 Solution & Explanation

The Ninth Schedule was incorporated into the Constitution of India via the First Constitutional Amendment Act of 1951 to shield land reform laws and the abolition of the zamindari system from judicial review. Introduced by the provisional Parliament headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, this schedule created a protected domain for specific laws against challenges based on violation of fundamental rights. Subsequent judicial pronouncements, particularly the Kesavananda Bharati judgment of 1973, established that laws placed in the Ninth Schedule after April 1973 remain subject to judicial review under the basic structure doctrine.