The 'Pagal Panthi' uprising, a peasant movement against arbitrary rack-renting by landlords in Northern Bengal, was led by:

💡 Solution & Explanation

The Pagal Panthi movement was an influential peasant uprising in the Mymensingh district of Northern Bengal, organized to protect tenants from arbitrary rack-renting by oppressive landlords and indigo planters. It was founded by Karam Shah and subsequently led with great vigor by his son Tipu Shah during the early nineteenth century. Other figures listed, such as Titu Mir and Birsa Munda, spearheaded distinct uprisings like the Barasat Muslim peasant revolt and the Munda Ulgulan respectively. Many 19th-century peasant movements were direct reactions against combined exploitation by colonial revenue policies and local zamindars.